Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did. 1 vote. proportion a ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator; the ratio of a part to the whole, expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g., 0 2), a fraction (1/5), or a percentage (20%). outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Retinal Degeneration. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. The number of births per year per 1000 women between ages 15 and 44 in a given population. box plot a visual display that summarizes data by using a box and whiskers format to indicate the minimum and maximum values (ends of the whiskers), interquartile range (length of the box), and median (line through the box). . Synonym: The number of deaths in 1 year of infants aged 0 to 28 days divided by the number of live births in that same year. seasonality change in physiologic status or in the occurrence of a disease, chronic condition, or type of injury that conforms to a regular seasonal pattern. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. Synonyms for Infection rates. The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. Normal, bell-shaped distributions are symmetrical; the mean, median, and mode are the same. A record represents data related to a single case. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters 0 votes. Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. heart rate or heart rhythm problems, chest pain or discomfort, pain or tingling in the hands or feet, and fatigue. contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. rates of infection. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. This supplement is also designed to provide bladder control support to individuals tired of visiting the bathroom ten times a day. In this case, mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical. rate of prevalence. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. / person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. The neonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. infection rates. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. The findings come as the efficacy of. Find out what connects these two synonyms. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. scatter diagram (or scattergram) a graphical display of the association between two variables in which a dot is plotted on the graph for each set of paired values for two continuous variables, with one variable plotted on the horizontal axis, and the other plotted on the vertical axis. Good synonyms? Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. prevalence the number or proportion of cases or events or attributes among a given population. "prevalence rates" and "rate of prevalence" Yes, I agree. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. variable, dependent in a statistical analysis, a variable whose values are a function of one or more other variables. crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. antonyms. Synonyms of infection infection noun Definition of infection as in virus an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) There is a viral infection spreading among the schoolchildren. study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. antonyms. One moose, two moose. attributable risk percent see proportion, attributable. {\displaystyle \lambda } A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). synonyms. Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. forest plot a graph that displays the point estimates and confidence intervals of individual studies included in a meta-analysis or systematic review as a series of parallel lines. trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's class performance. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? study, observational a study in which the investigator observes rather than influences exposure and disease among participants. Accessed 4 Mar. standard error (of the mean) the standard deviation of a theoretical distribution of sample means of a variable around the true population mean of that variable. Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. epidemiologic triad the traditional model of infectious disease causation having three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together so that disease occurs. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. death-to-case ratio the number of deaths attributed to a particular disease, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, divided by the number of new cases of that disease, injury, or condition identified during the same period. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Organizationally, NCHS is a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one of the agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services. morbidity disease; any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The distinction between the two is clear (now). fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. crude when referring to a rate, an overall or summary rate for a population, without adjustment. Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). contact exposure to a source of an infection; a person who has been exposed. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . The most common symptoms were respiratory congestion, muscle aches (myalgia), and loss of smell or taste. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). graph a visual display of quantitative data arranged on a system of coordinates. healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. You can review and change the way we collect information below. The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). definitions. Learn a new word every day. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. We study 5,916 people who have Escherichia urinary tract infection or Peak expiratory flow rate decreased. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. mean, geometric the mean, or average, of a set of data measured on a logarithmic scale. The code for attribution links is required. phylogenetic tree a branching chart that indicates the evolutionary lineage or genetic relatedness of organisms. The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. All rights reserved. mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific a mortality rate limited to a specified racial or ethnic group both numerator and denominator are limited to that group. {\displaystyle A} Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Home; infection; Synonyms for infection. ing. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. survey a systematic canvassing of persons to collect information, often from a representative sample of the population. A normal resting heart rate for an adult is 60100 beats per minute. study, prospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. Math is a way of determining the relationships between numbers, shapes, and . Lists. risk ratio a measure of association that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence proportions of two groups. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. independent variable see variable, independent. outcome(s) any or all of the possible results that can stem from exposure to a causal factor or from preventive or therapeutic interventions; all identified changes in health status that result from the handling of a health problem. asymmetrical a type of distribution where the shape to the right and left of the central location is not the same. prevalence, point the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at a single point in time. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period.